This procedure was repeated 10 times for each subject. To investigate if the maxillary scan is located at the right position to the face, these virtual facebow records were superimposed to a cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) head scan from the same subject by matching the face scan to the face 3D reconstruction from CBCT images. The location of maxillary arch in virtual facebow records was compared with its position in CBCT.

The “trueness” of the proposed procedure is defined as the deviation between maxilla arch position in virtual facebow records and the CBCT images. The “precision” is defined as the deviation between each virtual facebow record. The linear deviation at left central incisor (#9), left first molar (#14), and right first molar (#3), as well as angular deviation of occlusal plane were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

Differences between two objects were also explored with Mann Whitney U test. : The 20 virtual facebow records using the smartphone 3D scanner deviated from the CBCT measurements (trueness) by 1.14 ☐.40 mm at #9, 1.20 ☐.50 mm at #14, 1.12 ☐.51 mm at the #3, and 1.48 ☐.56° in the occlusal plane.

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